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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) can lower tax risk. Previous studies have demonstrated a negative link between CSR and tax aggressiveness. Generally, corporations engaging in social irresponsibility tend to undertake aggressive tax planning; whereas socially responsible firms enjoy tax savings. Because several recent studies have suggested that lower tax payments do not necessarily create higher tax risk, an exploration of the relationship between CSR and tax risk was not only interesting but also important.

Using an ethical perspective of CSR, this paper argues that executives who are nourished by an ethical climate tend to make responsible and reliable operating decisions. Therefore, their corporations would have better control of tax administration, and the corresponding tax risk would be constrained. Such corporations would enjoy greater tax savings while keeping their tax risk at relatively low levels. However, this reasoning ignores the fact that limited economic resources would constrain a firm from practicing CSR in the form of donations. This situation would also influence its attitude toward tax strategies. Specifically, when a firm’s performance is unsatisfactory, the cultural effect of CSR may diminish or even disappear.

Firms donating additional resources to CSR activities can construct a more ethical work climate that encourages executives to control tax risk while lowering tax expenses. For firms with unsatisfactory performance, the ethical benefits of CSR could disappear, thus suggesting a relationship with firm performance. This finding contributes to the knowledge on the ethical implications of CSR and proposes that the culture argument is conditional on satisfactory firm performance.

This study explores the association between corporate culture (CSR) and tax risk. The empirical results help shareholders, analysts and other investors to make their business decision better because CSR or corporate culture is less likely to change suddenly or dramatically in an abbreviated time. The finding of this study shed light on the importance of corporate culture on making an investment evaluation or decision. In addition, this study extends the research on CSR by demonstrating that the effects of CSR are conditioned on firm performance. The beneficial effect of CSR on tax risk would disappear when firms have unfavorable financial performance.

This paper aims to explore how external creditors assess firms’ financial aggressiveness in China.

Using bank loan-specific data, the authors investigate whether firms exhibit greater costs of bank loans when they engage in earnings manipulation and whether this association changes when restrictions on lenders’ compensation are promulgated.

The authors find compelling evidence that bank executives charge higher premiums on firms with accrual earnings management to compensate for additional financial risk but do not charge extra loan prices for firms conducting real earnings management (REM). The authors also find that the enactment of Robust Bank Executive Compensation (REBC) enhances the vigilance of bank executives on the overall client firms’ earnings manipulation, with the exception of REM conducted by state-owned firms.

The authors extend the current literature on the cost of external loans by focusing on bank loans and the influence of REBC. This study offers implications for policymakers in China and other emerging economics to control loan default and financial risk.

The purpose of this paper is to combine the Jiles-Atherton (J-A) hysteresis model with the field separation approach to realize the accurate simulation of dynamic magnetostrictive characteristics of silicon steel sheet.

First, the energy loss of silicon steel sheet is divided into hysteresis loss Why, classical eddy current loss Wed and anomalous loss Wan according to the statistical theory of losses. The Why is calculated by static J-A hysteresis model, Wed and Wan are calculated by the analytical formulae. Then, based on the field separation approach, the dynamic magnetic field is derived. Finally, a new dynamic magnetostrictive model is proposed by means of the quadratic domain rotation model.

Comparison of simulation and experimental results verifies that the proposed model has high accuracy and strong universality.

The proposed method improves the existing method’s problem of relying on too much experimental data, and the method ensures the calculation accuracy, parameter identification accuracy and engineering practicability. Consequently, the presented work greatly facilitates further explorations and studies on simulation of dynamic magnetostrictive characteristics of silicon steel sheet.

The purpose of this paper is to reduce the drag loss and study the effects of operating conditions and groove parameters such as flow rate and temperature of automatic transmission fluid, clearance between plates, groove depth and groove ratio on the drag torque of a wet clutch for vehicles, parametric analysis of the drag torque model of wet multi-plate friction clutch with groove consideration.

Both experimental and numerical research was carried out in this work. Parametric groove models, full film lubrication flow model and pressure distribution model are established to investigate the effects of the grooves on drag torque of a wet clutch. Multigrid method is used to simplify the solution.

In this paper, a drag torque model of a wet multi-plate friction clutch based on the basic theory of viscous fluid dynamics is examined through experimental and numerical methods that take grooves into account, and the change trend of drag torque with operating conditions and groove parameters is analyzed.

Multigrid method is used to solve the governing equations, which simplifies the solution process because of the restrictions and interpolation operations between the adjacent layers of coarser and fine grids. These works provide insight into the effect regularity of operating conditions and groove parameters on drag torque of a wet multi-plate friction clutch. Furthermore, variable test conditions and sufficient experimental data are the main functions in the experimental research.

This paper aims to report a flexible position-sensitive sensor that can be applied as large-area electronic skin over the stiff media.

The sensor uses a whole piezoresistive film as a touch sensing area. By alternately constructing two uniform electric fields with orthogonal directions in the piezoresistive film, the local changes in conductivity caused by touch can be projected to the boundary along the equipotential line under the constraint of electric field. Based on the change of boundary potential in the two uniform electric fields, it can be easy to determine the position of the contact area in the piezoresistive film.

Experiment results show the proposed tactile sensor is capable of detecting the contact position and classifying the contact force in real-time based on the changes of the potential differences on the boundary of the sensor.

The application example of using the sensor sample as a controller in shooting game is presented in this paper. It shows that the sensor has excellent touch sensing performance.

In this paper, a position-sensitive electronic skin is proposed. The experiment results show that the sensor has great application prospects in the field of interactive tactile sensing.

Using WeChat moments as an example, this article explores the impact of user role conflict on privacy concerns, social media fatigue and the three dimensions of discontinuous usage intention: control activities, short breaks and suspend usage intentions. Moreover, the moderating function of self-esteem in this process is examined.

The conceptual model includes role conflict, privacy concerns, social media fatigue, discontinuous usage intention and self-esteem. Three hundred and thirty-one questionnaires were collected using an online survey, and the data were analyzed with structural equation and hierarchical regression modeling.

The results show that (1) role conflict positively affects privacy concerns and social media fatigue; (2) privacy concerns also positively affect social media fatigue; (3) privacy concerns positively affect control activities intentions, although their impact on short breaks and suspend usage intentions is not significant, whereas social media fatigue significantly influences control activities, short breaks and suspend usage intentions; and (4) self-esteem negatively moderates the influence of role conflict on privacy concerns.

A key limitation of this research is that it is designed for WeChat. Therefore, the question of whether other social media platforms face role conflict or discontinuous usage problems should be explored in the future.

The article is interesting in that it focuses on the discontinuous usage of social media and identifies factors that contribute to the discontinuous usage of social media. The findings make some theoretical contributions to, and have practical implications for, research into social media usage.

Model description, observations, and prior knowledge are the three main sources of information that are used for the evaluation and estimation of complex systems. Here, model description is given based on the physical mechanism and dynamics of the system. Observational data represent a very important method of verification and can be applied to validate the model. Prior knowledge can help to provide additional information when observation data are not sufficient. On the basis of clearly carding the relationship between a system's observational quantities and the ultimate indices of the observation, the purpose of this paper is to establish the systemic yoyo model for systems evaluation.

Recent advances in systems science in general and the systemic yoyo model in particular are employed in this research as the fundamental logic of reasoning and thread of thinking.

After analyzing the characteristics and connections between the three main sources of information – model description, prior knowledge, and observational data – used in system evaluation and estimation, the authors derive the conservation law of information for system evaluation and estimation and analyze the transitional direction of the process of system evaluation and estimation.

This work lays down the theoretical basis for why certain procedures widely applied in system evaluations and estimations are correct and sound, on which reliable scientific conclusions can be drawn.

This work is the first of its kind that investigates the systemic foundation underlying the commonly applied procedures of system evaluations and estimations.

To provide a simplified proof for Liu's results concerning the relationship between σ‐entropy and σ‐similarity measure.

First obtains Liu's clear and simple functional expression of σ‐similarity measures based on the structure of σ‐entropy by using expressions of equivalent functions of σ‐entropy. Then, by employing the general expression of equivalent functions of σ‐similarity measure of fuzzy sets, provides a different proof of Liu's results.

Here, the proof is much simpler than the original one provided by Liu. And, on the basis of Shannon's probability entropy as introduced by De Luca and Termini, a σ‐similarity measure is constructed, on which a No answer to an open question as proposed by Liu is provided.

Constructs a new approach to some known results and provides a definite answer to an open question.

The aim of this research is to explore the behavioral model of Chinese organizational leaders acquiring resources for the development of their organizations under the influence of hierarchically oriented social governance.

The paper compares the differences between Western and Chinese contexts and conducts a grounded multi-case study to explore leadership behavioral model in the Chinese context.

First, the Chinese social governance structure is hierarchically oriented, whereas the Western social governance structure is market oriented. Second, this unique inconformity found in the Chinese organizational leaders as contorted leadership, which refers to the inconsistency between leaders’ cognition and their behavior when acquiring resources for the development of their organizations, is defined. Third, the conflict between leaders’ cognition and behaviors is caused by the social governance mechanism within which leaders are embedded.

The authors have just made a first step to understand contorted leadership in the Chinese context, further researches should pay more attention to exploring the origins, functions and impacts of leaders’ contorted behaviors.

First, leadership is linked with social governance by emphasizing on the core role of social governance in allocating the resources which organizational leaders scramble for. Second, a new kind of leadership –contorted leadership – in the Chinese context that emphasizes on the contradiction between leaders’ cognition and behavior, which deepens the understanding of leadership contextualization, is identified.

The purpose of this paper is to review the current research on theoretical foundations and applications for CPS from 2017 to 2019 including the applications in library.

This paper is designed in six parts as Introduction, Literature review, Theoretical foundations of CPS, Applications of CPS, CPS’s application in library and Conclusion. The authors review 70 papers and classify them as the above six parts. The authors collected 70 papers from 2017 to 2019 in the academic databases.

This paper reviews 70 papers regarding theoretical foundations and applications for CPS from 2017 to 2019 in the academic databases aiming to provide scholars and practitioners with a comprehensive overview. The contents of the papers in each research category are summarized from theoretical foundations and applications including the CPS applications in library.

A main contribution of this review paper is that it summarizes the current state-of-the-art theoretical foundations and applications for CPS and in libraries systematically.